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| Unit Six – Exercises I.15, Latin: An Intensive Course, p. 108 | ||
| Latin single word | Parse | English literal gloss |
|---|---|---|
| Postquam | conj. | After |
| urbs | n. sg. nom. | the city |
| oppūgnāta | v. F. sg. nom.; | was attacked, |
| est, | 3P. sg. perf. passive ind. | |
| mātrī | n. sg. dat. | the mother |
| imperāvimus | v. 1P. pl. perf. active ind. | we ordered |
| nē | conj. | not to |
| timēret | v. 3P. sg. imperf. active subj. | fear |
| quod | conj. | because |
| sēnsimus | v. 1P. pl. perf. active ind. | we felt that |
| sorōrem | n. sg. acc. | the sister |
| frātremque | n. sg. acc. +conj. | and brother |
| pecūniam | n. sg. acc. | money |
| ac | conj. | and |
| cibum | n. sg. acc. | food |
| incolīs | n. pl. dat. | to the inhabitants |
| datūrōs | v. fut. active inf.; M. pl. acc. | were about to give |
| esse | ||
| nē | conj. | in order that not |
| in | prep. +abl. | in |
| perīculō | n. sg. abl. | danger |
| essent. | v. 3P. pl. imperf. active subj. | they might be. |
postquam (conjunction): after (takes the indicative)
Nominative singular of urbs, urbis, -ium, F.: city
3rd person singular perfect passive indicative of oppūgnō (1st conjugation): attack.
The perfect passive participle oppūgnāta + est, a conjugation of sum, forms the perfect passive conjugation.
The participle oppūgnāta is declined in the feminine nominative singular to agree with urbs, a feminine noun in the nominative singular.
The verb est is conjugated in the 3rd person singular to agree with urbs, a nominative singular noun.
The feminine noun urbs in the nominative singular agrees with the feminine nominative singular participle oppūgnāta.
The nominative singular noun urbs requires the verb est to be in the 3rd person singular.
Dative singular of māter, mātrīs, F.: mother
1st person plural perfect active indicative of imperō (1st conjugation): order
The dative noun mātrī is the thing (or in this case person) ordered (imperāvimus).
The verb imperāvimus takes a dative noun (in this case mātrī) as the thing (or in this case person) ordered.
nē (conjunction): in order that ... not. The negative version of ut (conjunction): in order that
The verb imperāvimus takes a purpose clause (expressed with ut or nē, here the latter) as the thing ordered to be done (or in this case not to be done).
The purpose clause expressed by nē is the thing ordered (imperāvimus) not to be done.
3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive of timeō, -ēre, timuī, --: fear
The subjunctive verb timēret is the (negative) purpose of the purpose clause expressed by nē.
The purpose clause expressed by nē is (not) to fear (timēret).
The subjunctive verb timēret is in the imperfect tense due to the secondary sequence that follows from the perfect verb imperāvimus.
The perfect verb imperāvimus triggers a secondary sequence that requires the subjunctive verb timēret to be in the imperfect tense.
quod (conjunction): because
1st person plural perfect active indicative of sentiō, -īre, sēnsī, sēnsus: feel, perceive
Accusative singular of sorōr, sorōris, F.: sister
Accusative singular of frāter, frātris, M.: brother. Plus the enclitic -que: and (the previous item)
The enclitic conjunction -que links the nouns sorōrem and frātrem with "and".
The verb of reporting sēnsimus changes the nouns which would otherwise have been in the nominative, sorōr frāterque, to the accusative sorōrem frātremque.
The accusative nouns sorōrem frātremque would normally be in the nominative (sorōr frāterque) but for the verb of reporting sēnsimus.
Accusative singular of pecūnia, -ae, F.: money
ac (conjunction): and
Accusative singular of cibus, -ī, M.: food
The conjugation ac links the nouns pecūniam and cibum with "and".
Dative plural of incola, -ae, M./F.: inhabitant
Infinitive active periphrastic of dō, dare, dedī, datus: give, grant
The future active participle datūrōs + esse, the infinitive of sum, form the infinitive of the active periphrastic conjugation.
The future active participle datūrōs is declined in the masculine accusative plural to agree with sorōrem frātremque, multiple accusative nouns of mixed gender.
The multiple accusative nouns of mixed gender sorōrem frātremque agree with the masculine accusative plural future active participle datūrōs.
The future infinitive datūrōs esse, relative to the perfect indicative verb of reporting sēnsimus, indicates that the giving was about to happen after the feeling - i.e., "we felt that ... were about to give".
The verb of reporting sēnsimus takes the infinitive datūrōs esse as the thing felt.
in (preposition) + ablative: in, on (place where)
Ablative singular of perīculum, -ī, N.: danger
The preposition in, when paired with an ablative noun perīculō, expresses place where – "in danger" – as opposed to motion toward, when paired with an accusative noun (e.g. perīculum – "into danger").
3rd person plural imperfect active subjunctive of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: be, exist
The subjunctive verb essent is the (negative) purpose of the purpose clause expressed by nē.
The purpose clause expressed by nē is (not) to be (essent).
The subjunctive verb essent is in the imperfect tense due to the secondary sequence that follows from the periphrastic datūrōs esse, which is still in the past.
The periphrastic datūrōs esse, which is still in the past, triggers a secondary sequence that requires the subjunctive verb essent to be in the imperfect tense.